Models for particle dispersion and flushing

Michael Dowd, Keith R. Thompson, and Jinyu Sheng

Assessing the near and far field effects of coastal mariculture requires detailed knowledge of particle dispersion processes. We present three case studies designed to illustrate the complexity of this problem on spatial scales ranging from an inlet to the continental shelf. The focus is on particle trajectories calculated from Eulerian flow fields obtained from numerical models. The first case deals with a tidally flushed coastal inlet (Upper South Cove, located near Lunenburg, N.S., Canada). The complex geometry and strong advective nonlinearities result in a marked flood/ebb tide asymmetry and complex particle paths. Second, we present an idealized study of periodic flow over isolated topography. In spite of the fact the flow field is governed by essentially two parameters (the tidal excursion and the forcing frequency), no simplified description of dispersion seems possible. In the final case, particle dispersion and retention indices are shown for the Scotian Shelf. In all three cases particle trajectories are complex and not amenable to simple parameterization schemes. We suggest instead that a statistical or probabilistic description of particle dispersion and flushing should be derived from existing circulation models. These reduced dimension models are then able to be effectively utilized in modelling the environmental effects of mariculture.