Angel, Dror, Peter Krost and William Silvert. 1998. Describing benthic impacts of fish farming with fuzzy sets: theoretical background and analytical methods. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 14: 1-8. This paper describes an application analogous to a Fuzzy Traffic Light Method to assess changes in the benthic conditions under fish farms over time.

Ashby, W. Ross. 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, London. 295 p. The classic resource on cybernetics, and on the Requisite Variety Principle in particular.

Brodie, P. 1984. A surface area or thermal index for marine mammal energetic studies. Acta Zool. Fennica 172: 153-155. This paper suggests the use of total surface area of the population as an Indicator.

Enea, M.ario, and Giuseppe Salemi. 2001. Fuzzy approach to the environmental impact evaluation. . Ecological Modelling 135/2-3: 131-147. A general and mathematical approach to environmental impact evaluation.

Kosko, B. 1986. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Int. J. Man-Machine Studies 24: 65-67. This is the paper where Kosko first introduced the idea of fuzzy cognitive maps, and there are many subsequent papers on the subject by him and others.

Silvert, William. 1979. Symmetric summation: a class of operations on fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cyber. SMC-9:657-659. Reprinted in Readings in Fuzzy Sets for Intelligent Systems, D. Dubois, H. Prade, and R. R. Yager (eds.), Morgan Kaufman (San Mateo, CA) 1993, p. 77-79. Describes a method of combining fuzzy memberships in a way suitable for integrating ecological indicators.

Silvert, William. 1997. Ecological impact classification with fuzzy sets. Ecological Modelling 96: 1-10. Although it deals with impact classification, this is the baisis for later work on the use of fuzzy logic in environmental science.

Silvert, William. 2000. Fuzzy Indices of Environmental Conditions. Ecological Modelling 130/1-3: 111-119. This covers general aspects of the use of fuzzy logic for environmental issues and would be a good complement to this report.

Silvert, William. 2001. Fuzzy aspects of system science. In: Integrative Systems Approaches to Natural and Social Sciences - Systems Science 2000, M. Matthies, H. Malchow and J. Kriz (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Zimmermann, H.-J. 1991. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London. The major reference on fuzzy set theory.

All material on this site copyright 2002-2005 by William Silvert unless otherwise indicated. This page was last updated on 10 November 2005 .